this book addresses the problem:1.Molecular Genetics 2.Formal genetics 3.Genetic marks 4.Data quality 5.Genetic map distances 6.Family studies 7.Model-Based lingkange analysis 8.Model-free lingkange analysis 9.Quantitative traits 10.Fundamental concepts of association analyses 11.Associatio analysis in unrelated individuals 12.Family-based association analisis 13.Haplotypes in associatio analyses 14.Genome-wide association (GWA) Studies